
Originally from Barcelona, dancer and choreographer Rosa Mercedes has been featured as a principal dancer and soloist in flamenco, classical Spanish dance, escuela bolera, and folklore dance productions throughout Europe, Canada, the United States, and South America. Her choreography, most recently created for Florida Grand Opera's "La Traviata," combines diverse styles of dance, from historic, court and Spanish dance to ballet, jazz and modern dance. As artistic director of Duende Ballet Espanol, her dance company founded in 2002, Rosa preserves Spain's traditional dance styles and choreographs for new contemporary works.
An interview with Rosa:
Dance training?
I began studying dance in classical ballet at the age of five in Barcelona. After a few years, I began studying Russian ballet. When I was ten, I saw a performance of flamenco on TV, and decided to study Spanish dance at one of the only schools in Barcelona at the time, which was Escuela de Danza Rosita Segovia.
At that school, it was required that everyone continue with their classical ballet training in addition to the Spanish dance training. Rosita Segovia, who later became one of my mentors, ran the school. She was a major star in Spanish dance and was prima ballerina with the Spanish dancer Antonio.
Rosita taught me much more than technique. She was always emphasizing the importance of the artistry and the feeling behind the dance. This has stayed with me throughout my life and shapes much of what I do even today.
There, I studied all the forms of Spanish dance (classical Spanish dance, folklore, escuela bolera, and flamenco), as well as other styles, including historic, jazz and modern dance.
My training took me to many different dance schools throughout Spain, as well as to New York, where I studied at the renowned Alvin Ailey Dance School, Martha Graham School, Melissa Hayden School, Luigi Dance Center, and the David Howard School. Although my professional career as a dancer is in Spanish dance, many people aren't aware of my studies in all of these other styles and the impact that they have had on my dancing, and later, on my choreography.
There are differences in the variety of dance forms that make up Spanish dance.
Classical Spanish dance is a style that involves longer lines in the body as compared to the broken lines in flamenco and does not allow improvisation in the way flamenco does. Another trademark of classical Spanish dance is its use of castanets. It is normally danced to classical piano, guitar or orchestral music--specifically the master composers from Spain, including Falla, Albeniz and Turina. Later, through the fusion of styles of music, new opportunities have arisen to dance classical Spanish dance to non-Spanish composers in innovative ways.
Escuela bolera is a style of dance from Spain from the 18th and 19th centuries. It came from a fusion of European court dances mixed with the street dances from Spain at that time. It is a very difficult style, danced in soft shoe with castanets. One needs a very strong base in ballet and in castanets to dance this style. It has its own unique qualities and vocabulary of movement that have been preserved over time. Very few people understand it and can dance it well these days.
Originally, escuela bolera used more simplistic castanet work, but over the years, the castanet playing has become more and more intricate and musically challenging to where the castanet has really become a virtuoso instrument. I started to study this style in Barcelona with Rosita Segovia and later in Madrid with Aurora Pons, one of the former directors of the National Ballet of Spain and also a great expert in the Pericet style.
Folklore dance in Spain is made up of all of its regional dances, and we have one of the richest varieties in the world with hundreds of different dances. These were the dances that everyday people would do in work and to celebrate life. The dances would celebrate weddings, festivities, the harvest, etc...Each region has very different dance movement and costumes because the weather and type of work they would do is so different. They each use different instruments, which give each region its own musical sound.
One of the folklore dance styles I studied in depth is a Basque dance that happens to be the oldest of the regional dances and has similarities to Irish dancing, with very little movement in the upper body and most of the work done with the legs. Classical ballet actually uses steps from this early dance style.
Another of the styles I studied extensively is the folklore dance from Aragon, one of the most difficult that exists. It requires an incredible amount of stamina and strength, and like classical Spanish dance and escuela bolera, it is also danced with castanets. But these are different castanets than are used in the other styles and they are worn and played with an entirely different technique. I also studied folklore from Galicia, Castilla and Catalunya, among others.
Flamenco is the most well-known internationally of the styles of Spanish dance, often mistreated and misrepresented for the very reason of its wide appeal. It has gone through many changes and transformations over the years. It is danced to singing and guitar, although over the years, it has become the custom to use more and more instruments, but the most important remains the guitar and the singing. There is a great Arabic influence in the singing.
It is a very passionate dance that gives you lots of room for improvisation and requires you to infuse your personality in your dancing, expressing great emotion. The line, as opposed to the other styles, is very angular and broken. For the female dancer, one of the distinctive elements is the movement of the arms, and even more so, the hands. They can be breathtakingly beautiful, and in my case, have become one of the qualities I have been noted for throughout my career. There is a great amount of footwork involved and you need to learn to dance to an incredible number of different and complex rhythms. I studied flamenco with many of Spain's great masters in different schools in Barcelona, Madrid and Sevilla.
This is all so very close to my heart and I could easily keep going on in further detail, but we can save that for another time.
You studied with some of Spain's most influential dance masters.
While still a teenager, I made the decision to move to Madrid without my family, in order to pursue my career. Madrid was the dance epicenter of Spain and I knew I needed to be there. I studied mainly at Amor de Dios, which is the most famous school for professional dancers in Spain.
Every great master I studied with there left his or her mark on me. Merche Esmeralda had a huge impact on me. She showed me that there could most definitely be elegance in flamenco and made me understand how incredibly important the singing is to flamenco. I also believe much of the beautiful arm and handwork I possess today came from my studies with her. Her arms are absolutely exquisite. She would also reiterate exactly what I heard in my studies with Rosita Segovia, which was that technique is important, but dance steps without feeling or emotion are meaningless.
Another important teacher for me was Ciro. Like Rosita, his influence on my choreography skills would later show. I picked up musicality from him, as well as fluidity in my flamenco.
Absolutely every one of the greats that I studied with made an impact on me, including Maria Magdalena, La Tati, Jose Granero, Guito, Jose Antonio and Victoria Eugenia (former directors of Ballet Nacional de Espana), Paco Romero, Pedro Azorin, Carmela Greco, and La China.
There were others, but these are the ones that shaped me the most. In other schools in Madrid, I studied ballet with Rosa Naranjo and Victor Ullate, folkore Gallego with Juanjo Linares, and I continued my studies in modern dance, jazz and period dances.
How would you describe the visual aspect of classical Spanish dance, its energy?
Classical Spanish dance has much passion and strength combined with a gorgeous flow. Its energy is elegant, refined and powerful.
As an art, what does Spanish dance demand from its performers?
Spanish dance requires its performers to dance with unbridled passion and free-flowing energy. In flamenco, whether it's the joy that must be expressed when dancing alegrias, for example, or the deep pain that must be expressed when dancing seguirilla, the spirit of the dancer is a crucial part of the dance. And that is the same in classical Spanish dance, such as in a work by Albeniz. The dancer must paint with emotion and style. I also think it is vitally important for the performer to understand Spain's deep cultural roots and identify to really grasp the flavor of its dances. I would say--to dance...don't think, FEEL!!!!!!
Your performance and choreography for Florida Grand Opera?
I began with Florida Grand Opera in 1992 as a principal dancer in "La Traviata," with choreography by Rosita Segovia. Since then, I have danced and choreographed in some 20 productions with the company. One of the great things about choreographing in opera is the wide variety of dance styles it allows for--from ballet, modern dance and Spanish dance to folk dances and court dances.
I was so happy to have been asked to choreograph the new FGO production of "Aida," the show that inaugurated the Sanford and Delores Ziff Ballet Opera House at the newly built Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts in downtown Miami. The dancing in that show is so important and it was a beautiful production. Most recently, I choreographed and danced as principal dancer in my fourth production of "La Traviata" with Florida Grand Opera, also an original production.
Dance and choreography with other opera companies?
My styles of dancing and choreography have proven to work very well in opera. They are emotive, sensual and large in their energy and opera has become a very natural fit and a wonderful home for me.
I am so fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with so many great opera companies--the Metropolitan Opera in New York, Opera di Roma in Italy, Dallas Opera, Palm Beach Opera, Cincinnati Opera, Florentine Opera, Tulsa Opera, Baltimore Opera, and many others.
Of course, the work in the big houses is truly fantastic, with what they are able to do with sets, costumes and number of dancers. But sometimes there are special moments when working in some of the regional houses, when I can work with a really special up-and-coming talent, and help to shape them in their journey to find their complete potential as an artist.
You've worked with many renowned artists.
I have such fond memories of my work with incredible artists like the late Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, Jose Carreras, Renata Scotto, Denyce Graves, and Agnes Baltsa. There is a vibrant energy that follows them wherever they go, whether it is onstage or off, but what they create onstage is truly special.
I found them all so generous, sharing and vulnerable in their artistry. I think vulnerability on the stage is so important. It allows an audience to really fall in love with a performer. All of these great artists have a way of lifting others around them to greater heights than they ever thought they could go to. I really consider myself blessed to have shared wonderful moments in rehearsals, backstage and onstage with these incredible people.
Touring performances?
I've spent most of my professional life touring. Back when I was touring, Spanish dance companies used to do much longer tours than they do now. I was actually on the road most of the year dancing as a principal dancer and soloist, and for some of the companies, I was also rehearsal director and occasionally created choreography for them.
I got to see such wonderful places and got to perform in some of the most beautiful theaters throughout Europe, the United States, South America, Central America, and Canada. I learned so much about myself during those years--as both an artist and a person. The demands of performing extended tours forces you to dig really deep, as far as stamina and as far as creating spontaneous moments that move audiences, even though you have performed them sometimes over 100 times.
There were some special works that come to mind. One was "Garden of Names" that I performed with Zorongo Flamenco Dance Theatre. It was an emotionally very powerful piece and it stays with me even today. I also have fond memories of dancing with the renowned flamenco stars Mario Maya and Jose Greco with Maria Benitez Teatro Flamenco. Those performances were exhilarating.
I had the incredible opportunity to have Rosita Segovia choreograph "El Amor Brujo" and "El Sombrero de Tres Picos" for me, works she was very well-known for through her performances in them as prima ballerina in the dance company of the Spanish dancer Antonio. These are iconic works in the world of Spanish dance, and her performances of them were momentous. As you can imagine, working on these roles with her was very special and very challenging.
Your work with the National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts?
Teaching has always been a very important part of my life. I've been doing it for over 25 years and I find it incredibly rewarding. I was delighted when the National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts approached me about being a panelist and master teacher for their Young Arts Program. The NFAA works very hard to find the cream of the crop of talented young artists across the country and I am so happy to continue to have the chance to teach and hopefully inspire these young dancers year after year. It's a really wonderful program.
What have you accomplished through your repertory company, Duende Ballet Espanol?
Having a repertory company had always been a dream of mine. Since much of the latter part of my career has brought me here to the U.S., I decided to create a not-for-profit Spanish dance company here--Duende Ballet Espanol. I am passionate about ALL of the styles of Spanish dance, not only flamenco, and so it is very important to me that all of the styles be present in the repertoire of the company.
The difficulty with that is finding dancers in the U.S. who have enough training to perform all of the styles of Spanish dance on a very high level. In Spain, that wouldn't be so difficult, but here in the U.S., I have found it very challenging. It is something I am working hard towards and will continue to do so until my vision for the company becomes a reality.
To date, we have a repertoire of over 15 original pieces that include my choreography, as well as the choreography of other choreographers from Spain, in styles that range from the very traditional to the more contemporary Spanish dance.
While flamenco enjoys popularity here in the U.S., it is mostly being used for restaurants and parties. Spanish dance as a whole has not been represented very strongly here at all, except when a company like the National Ballet of Spain comes through on tour, for example.
Spanish dance and flamenco in Spain are being danced on an incredibly high level of technique and artistry and therefore have much more depth to them as vehicles for great drama and art. My hope is that, as a Spanish dance repertory company, we can elevate the quality of Spanish dance as an art form here in the U.S., and as a result, build audiences for it through productions that show it proudly for the sensual, exciting and aesthetically beautiful art form that it is.
Rosa Mercedes;
http://www.rosamercedes.com/.